1. 11 hours ago  New Delhi: AIIMS director Dr Randeep Guleria on Sunday said that the anti-viral drug Remdesivir, which is in high demand amid a surge in COVID cases, is not a “magic bullet” and is used only to treat patients who are hospitalised and whose oxygen saturation is below 93. “.Remdesivir not a magic bullet, it's given to only patients who are hospitalised, have moderate to severe disease.
2. Healthy lungs keep the blood oxygenated at a level between 95 and 100%—if it dips below 92%, it’s a cause for concern and a doctor might decide to intervene with supplemental oxygen.

“ Normal blood oxygen levels in humans are considered 95-100 percent. If the level is below 90 percent, it is considered low resulting in hypoxemia. Blood oxygen levels below 80 percent may compromise organ function, such as the brain and heart, and should be promptly addressed” Oxygen saturation (medicine). A problem with any of these factors — for example, high altitude, asthma or heart disease — might result in hypoxemia, particularly under more extreme conditions, such as exercise or illness. When your blood oxygen falls below a certain level, you might experience shortness of.

Oxygen levels and Covid-19

Vital signs, those fluorescent green numbers that beep, ding, and dash across black screens on the monitors in hospital rooms, have become a new source of angst during the coronavirus pandemic.

One of those vital signs is blood oxygen level, and in the hospital, it's measured with a pulse oximeter. These devices are attached to your finger and use a beam of light to measure oxygen in the blood.

Patients with Covid-19 can sometimes have relatively mild symptoms and seem to be perfectly oxygenated, even while their blood oxygen levels are perilously low. As a result, they may need an emergency supply of supplemental oxygen.

Covid-19 patients healthy enough to be discharged are often sent home with instructions to self-monitor, which has triggered a demand for pulse oximeters you can buy and use at home.

The tiny devices, which range in price from $20 to $200, clamp snugly over the index finger and display the percentage of oxygen being carried around by your blood. But how accurate are they? And how do you read them?

Three doctors, all of whom were on the coronavirus frontlines during the first peak in hard-hit New York City, warn that the results and efficacy can differ from unit to unit.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers pulse oximeters to be prescription medical devices, but most of those sold on the internet or in drugstores are labeled 'not for medical use' and have not been reviewed for accuracy. Still, having a pulse oximeter on hand may come in handy, as long as users exert common sense.

Consumers should use the devices while under a physician's care and follow up if blood oxygen readings seem to dip precipitously, especially when paired with symptoms like shortness of breath, cough, and fever.

Here's what you need to know about checking oxygen levels with a pulse oximeter at home.

Understanding normal oxygen levels

The average person takes about 20,000 breaths a day. Keeping normal oxygen levels is a finely-tuned science.

'We've got to get oxygen from the atmosphere into our lungs; we've got to get the oxygen from our lungs into our bloodstream, and then we've got to get the blood to our cells, and our cells have to take out that oxygen. So, all those things have to work right for things to go well,' explains Amit Uppal, MD, director of critical care at Bellevue Hospital in New York City.

To date, Dr. Uppal says he's overseen the treatment of more than 300 Covid-19 patients, all with varying levels of blood oxygen.

What is a good oxygen level?

'Normal people who have working lungs, and all those steps are going well, their blood oxygen level will usually be 96-100 percent,' adds Dr. Uppal.

A few notches down at 94 percent, he says, will be considered 'abnormal,' but that won't necessarily be cause for alarm. 'For the vast majority of people, nothing bad will happen. Nobody's going to have a cardiac arrest with a blood oxygen level in that [94] range.'

Spo2 Chart By Age

If someone has heart or lung disease, says Dr. Uppal, those 'normal' numbers may be a bit lower. There is, however, a universal threshold that signifies a dangerous situation.

'I think anything below 90 we definitely get very concerned. When it gets down into the 80 percent range or less than 80 percent range is when really bad things can happen.'

There is a possibility an individual's oxygen levels can be too high. However, this often occurs in people who are on supplemental oxygen.

High levels can be measured via an arterial blood gas (ABG) test, which is accurate, but invasive. This is a blood test that requires blood to be drawn from the artery, which is usually done in the wrist.

This measures your blood oxygen level and can also detect other gas levels in the blood, as well as your pH, or how acidic your blood is.

What happens when blood oxygen dips too low

When your blood oxygen reading falls below that 90 percent threshold, you'll likely feel a variety of symptoms.

'It includes feeling short of breath, and increased respiratory rate. So, if you're at rest and noticing that you're having to work hard to breathe, that's a sign,' says Reed Caldwell, MD, chief of service at NYU Langone's Cobble Hill emergency department.

You could also experience cyanosis, meaning you could turn blue or gray due to the blood's poor oxygenation, or you might have confusion, adds Dr. Caldwell.

'Your brain thrives on oxygen,' says Dr. Caldwell. 'So, people can be confused—or even unconscious.'

One of the more concerning Covid-19 symptoms

Infectious disease epidemiologist Syra Madad studied and led response teams during some of this generation's most serious health crises including Ebola, Zika, and measles. But she says nothing frightens her more than Covid-19.

'From my standpoint, and all the different epidemics I've responded to, this has been something I have never seen before,' says Madad, who is the senior director of the system-wide special pathogens program at New York City Health + Hospitals.

Last fall, she asked Congress not to let a pandemic-protection bill lapse and is now dealing with the fallout as the U.S. currently has 500,000-plus deaths from Covid-19 and counting. (It's documented in a new Netflix documentary, Pandemic: How to Prevent an Outbreak, featuring Madad.)

'Some people will be perfectly fine and have no issues,' says Madad. 'And other people will come in with their oxygen saturation levels below 94, 93, 92 percent, or even lower than that. And they look perfectly fine. It's one of those silent hypoxic killers almost.'

What is hypoxemia?

When someone is hypoxic, they're experiencing hypoxia or the absence of enough oxygen inside the body's tissues to sustain bodily functions. (A similar term, hypoxemia, means low oxygen levels in the blood, rather than the body's tissues.)

Covid-19 patients with this sign have been dubbed as having 'happy hypoxia.'

Instead of gasping for air, they're texting on their smartphones. 'They're not showing the signs and symptoms like bluish lips, trouble breathing, anything like that,' says Madad. 'So you have no idea they're experiencing this symptom, and then you check their blood oxygen levels, and you realize they're at very alarmingly low levels.'

In a June article in the Journal of Medical Systems, author Jason Teo further explained how silent hypoxia sneaks up on people.

'The air sacs in Covid-19 patients' lungs do not fill with fluid or pus as in normal pneumonia infections but rather the virus only causes the air sacs to collapse, thereby reducing the oxygen levels that lead to hypoxia in these patients but still maintains the lungs' normal ability to expel carbon dioxide,' wrote Teo.

He proposes that smartphone-based oximeters may one day unlock the key to more widespread early detection.

How to check blood oxygen using a pulse oximeter

Although they were scarce early in the pandemic, pulse oximeters are now easy to find. (An Amazon search returns 1,000 results.) Many are battery-powered and simply need to be turned on and placed on your index finger.

Pulse oximeters display two readings—one is SpO2, which is the oxygen saturation level in your blood, and your pulse rate.

'Monitoring [with an oximeter] is OK as long as you're under the guidance of a medical physician,' says Dr. Caldwell. 'I think it could be a potentially disastrous situation to be in if people take it upon themselves to just look up the numbers on the internet and then monitor their oxygen.'

Also, warns Dr. Uppal: 'I don't think that the general public of people who have no symptoms and have not tested positive for Covid-19 need to be checking their pulse oxygen 10 times a day.'

When to call a doctor

Early intervention could improve health outcomes for patients presenting with lowered blood oxygen. People with low oxygen levels will often require supplemental oxygen to increase their oxygen saturation.

'We know that some people are still kind of avoidant of health care because they are afraid to get Covid-19,' says Dr. Caldwell. 'And if you can't breathe, you need to be seen. And if your oxygen level is low, you need to be evaluated because your chances of a bad outcome trying to manage [while] stuck at home, it still needs to outweigh your chance of your family picking up something in a health care setting.'

Or, someone could have something other than Covid-19 altogether. 'A blood clot in your lung can give you low oxygen' notes Dr. Caldwell, 'that's something that would need prompt attention.'

Now, doctors may also suggest home supplemental oxygen, which is prescribed. Your doctor will provide specific instructions for using home supplemental oxygen to prevent any serious complications.

Preventing Covid-19

Dr. Uppal says he has had the fortune of helping some of his Covid-19-patients recover and the misfortune of saying goodbye to others. This includes longtime colleagues for whom he fought hard for.

A particularly heart-wrenching case, he remembers, was a mother and father who passed away due to Covid-19, orphaning their two young children.

Today, nearly an entire year into the pandemic, Dr. Uppal says there are far more tools in physicians' toolbox to fight back against respiratory diseases like Covid-19.

'Steroids seem to help patients who start to deteriorate. It seems to reduce the likelihood that they end up on a breathing machine or reduce the likelihood that they end up in the ICU,' Dr. Uppal says. 'Remdesivir seems to help reduce the severity in patients. And some data just came out that a drug called tocilizumab also is beneficial.'

But nothing used to treat Covid-19 is as useful as taking measures to prevent it.

'I think what I'd like to emphasize is that getting better at treating the disease once people have it doesn't make it go away.' Dr. Uppal adds, 'The thing that we're still going to have to lean on is preventing it from spreading in the first place.'

The post What Is a Normal Oxygen Level and How Can I Check Mine? appeared first on The Healthy.

Oxygen levels don’t have to be confusing. Let’s make sense of them together.

Let’s start with the obvious: what are oxygen levels? And from there, what do they mean? If you live with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis (PF) or emphysema, oxygen levels are an undoubtedly important measurement, and here’s why: they allow you to measure how much oxygen your red blood cells are carrying.

Why is that important?

The importance behind this metric is that by measuring your blood oxygen levels, you can alter your behaviors and lifestyle to positively improve these levels and possibly help reduce your symptoms and feelings of breathlessness. In essence, the oxygen that is being carried by your red blood cells throughout your body allows your body to thrive and maintain homeostasis (when your body runs healthily). To aid in this process, the delivery of oxygen through red blood cells in your blood cells is vital.

So, how can I affect this?

There are a variety of ways to positively improve your blood oxygen levels to help relieve your symptom expression and boost your energy levels. And with your health in mind, the Lung Health Institute is here to help by giving insight to your Oxygen Levels: What Do My Numbers Mean?

Oxygen Levels- An Overview

As we’ve mentioned above, the measurement of your oxygen levels is pretty important to your overall health. It allows you to adjust and change your behavior based on your oxygen levels for the betterment of your breathing and condition. But what are blood oxygen levels and what do they mean?

Here’s a quick anecdote:

Oxygen Level 93 With Covid

Imagine for a second that your blood vessels make up a giant subway network. The tunnels of this network are your veins and the train itself is your blood. Multiple carts (your blood cells) make up the train, and the people inside them are oxygen. As this subway (again your blood) travels through the network (your body), it’s dropping people off at various stops within your body. The question, however, is how many people (oxygen) are in each car of the subway? And is there a way to pack more in them?

This fundamental scenario is blood oxygen saturation in a nut shell and explains the importance of your body’s ability to retain oxygen within your red blood cells. In short, you want each of these cells jam packed with oxygen for delivery throughout your body to maintain and boost your energy levels and overall health.

So, What’s Normal and What Isn’t?

Your body’s oxygen levels can be measured using a variety of different techniques:

• Arterial blood gas test (ABG)—which measures your blood’s oxygen level by drawing blood.
• Pulse oximetry—which places a clip device on your finger and measures O2 levels.

A normal ABG blood oxygen level for healthy lungs will usually fall between 80 and 100 millimeters. If using a pulse oximeter, this reading should typically be between 95 and 100 percent.

In the case of severe COPD on the other hand, an expected pulse oximetry level is likely to be between 88 to 92 percent. Some people’s oxygen level measurements may be lower.

When your blood oxygen level gets too low (hypoxemia), there are several symptoms that you will be able to recognize:

• shortness of breath
• chest pain
• confusion
• headache
• rapid heartbeat
• possible cyanosis (blue discoloration of the nail beds, skin and mucus membranes)

Methods that May Improve My Oxygen Levels

Thankfully, to combat low blood oxygen levels there are several ways to raise them. First, if your blood oxygen level is particularly low, it may be wise to consider getting on supplemental oxygen therapy if your doctor hasn’t already prescribed it. In addition, always talk with your doctor about your oxygen level questions and concerns.

Adding to this, by raising the amounts of hemoglobin within the body through the ingestion of specific foods, it’s possible to positively impact your blood oxygen levels. When your body has the nutrients it needs, it has a better ability to deliver oxygen more efficiently as well.

To start:

• Eat Shrimp—they are a good low calorie protein and filled with important vitamins, nutrients and antioxidants.
• Have an Orange—there are several things to love about the orange, particularly orange juice. The bonus is that they’re excellent sources of fiber, vitamin C and other critical acids and nutrients.
• Drink Some Almond Milk– Vitamin D is important, but so is avoiding any excessive phlegm build-up. Instead, pick up some almond milk. It tastes better and won’t leave you as gassy or bloated.

For more tips on improving your oxygen levels check out our 5 Tips for Improving Low Blood Oxygen Levels here, as well as the article on 5 Ways to Improve Your Oxygen Levels.

Moving Forward with Your Oxygen Levels

Living with a chronic lung disease like COPD, pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema doesn’t have to be as difficult as it may seem. By taking the time to better understand your disease and how to address issues such as your blood oxygen level, it’s possible to improve your overall health and quality of life. Although these steps can be difficult as they require changing personal behavior from diet and exercise to your medication, change is possible.

With a few behavioral changes, it’s possible to greatly affect the pronouncement of symptoms within those with COPD, emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis. However, when lifestyle changes fail to improve your quality of life in the way that you may expect, it may be time to consider cellular therapy. Rather than addressing the symptoms of lung disease, cellular therapy may directly affect disease progression and may improve quality of life.

For more information on cellular therapy and what it could mean for your life moving forward, contact us today or call us at 888-745-6697. Our patient coordinators will walk you through our available treatment options, talk through your current health and medical history and determine a qualifying treatment plan that works best for you.

Interested in our article on Oxygen Levels: What Do My Numbers Mean?Share your thoughts and comments below.